Habitat use and movement patterns of small (age‐0) juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) relative to the Kuroshio

The habitat use of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis; PBF) in nursery waters off the southern coast of Japan was investigated using archival tags over a 3 year study period (2012–2015), and the data were used to examine the free‐ranging habitat preferences of PBF and the relationship between their horizontal movements and the path of the Kuroshio off the Pacific coast of Japan. The path of the Kuroshio fluctuated seasonally, leading to changes in water temperature that strongly influenced the habitat use of small PBF (2–3 months after hatching). Most PBF were present in coastal waters inshore of the path of the current, and their habitat use changed in response to the distance of the current from the coast. The Kuroshio typically flowed along the coast from summer to autumn, and PBF remained in the coastal waters off Kochi Prefecture during this period. In contrast, PBF quickly moved eastward in winter when the current moved away from the coast. Throughout the winter and spring, the area of habitat use extended widely from the eastern end of the southern coast of Japan (the Boso Peninsula) to the offshore Kuroshio‐Oyashio transition region. These findings suggest that the seasonal habitat use and movement behavior of juvenile PBF are influenced by the distance of the Kuroshio axis from the coast, and the ultimate drivers are likely variations in oceanographic conditions and prey availability along the southern coast of Japan.     

Adoption of improved crop varieties by involving farmers in the e-wallet program in Nigeria

The amount of improved seed used in Nigeria is extremely low. Overall, only 5–10% of cultivated land is planted with improved seeds, and about 10% of rural farmers use improved varieties. The objective of this investigation was to identify determinants of adoption of improved seed by farmers not participating in and those participating in the federal government’s e-wallet program in Nigeria. We determined the impact of the e-wallet program on adoption of improved seed in rural areas. A total of 1200 rural farmers were sampled across six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Results from the use of a bivariate probit model indicated that the e-wallet program continued to become increasingly popular among rural farmers; and that farmers’ literacy, ownership of a mobile phone, value output, mobile network coverage, power for charging phone batteries and contact with extension agents were the positive determinants of farmer participation in the e-wallet program. Cultural obstacles to married women, growers’ age, and increased distance to registration and input collection centers reduced farmers’ tendency to participate in the e-wallet program. The results also showed that rural farmers depended on the e-wallet program for increased use and adoption of improved seed in Nigeria, to boost food security in sub-Saharan Africa. The results suggested the need for an improved e-wallet model by lessening constraints mostly associated with rural information and communication infrastructure, and distance to the registration and input collection centers.     

极端暴雨条件下黄土高原水平梯田损毁情况调查分析——以岔巴沟流域“7·26”特大暴雨为例

2017年7月25日20时至26日8时,陕西榆林市11个县区遭遇特大暴雨侵袭,我们于当年10月对位于暴雨中心的岔巴沟流域的梯田损毁情况进行了专项调查。首先通过室内Google Earth近实时影像结合GIS绘图在流域内确定梯田位置和数量,根据修建时间、利用和植被类型将这些梯田分类。在流域内空间分布均匀地选择不同类型典型梯田并进行野外实地测量,统计各类型梯田的损毁情况、损毁形式并估算各类型梯田的土壤侵蚀模数及其流域平均侵蚀模数。结果表明:岔巴沟流域梯田以≤ 4 hm²规模为主,梯田数量上占91.4%,面积上占了50.7%。暴雨造成梯田的损毁形式以田埂表层结皮脱落、田埂滑塌崩塌、田埂冲毁、田面陷穴穿洞为主,有人为干扰时会产生更加剧烈的后果。暴雨造成的梯田损毁侵蚀坑大部分为深度0~0.5 m的侵蚀。老梯田农地、老梯田乔木和老梯田草地侵蚀坑发生频率远远多于新机修梯田,保持在20~36处/100 m。新机修梯田的侵蚀测坑发生频次少,为5处/100 m,但深度可达4.8 m,后果严重。不同类型梯田损毁产生侵蚀模数差异较大,老梯田农地、老梯田草地和老梯田乔木的侵蚀模数为34 000~37 000 t/km²,新机修梯田为19 404.3 t/km²,老梯田灌木侵蚀模数最低,为5 958.4 t/km²。流域内梯田平均侵蚀模数为30 733.4 t/km²。通过本次调查,掌握不同类型梯田在极端暴雨条件下的损毁情况,为黄土高原梯田保护及修复提供数据支持。     

粪源环丙沙星对潮土中抗生素抗性基因的影响

为了探究粪源环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin, CIP)对潮土中抗生素抗性基因(Antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)的影响,布置培养试验(81 d),设置5个处理,分别为Ⅰ:CK(对照),Ⅱ:CIP(外源添加CIP),Ⅲ:DF(不含CIP的鸭粪),Ⅳ:DF+CIP(Ⅲ基础上外源添加CIP),Ⅴ:DF(CIP)(粪源CIP)。采用PCR技术分析土壤中6大类27种抗生素抗性基因和4种可移动遗传元件的检出情况,并利用荧光定量PCR技术对检出频率较高的目的基因及总细菌基因(16S rRNA)的绝对丰度进行检测。结果表明:不同处理土壤中共检出6种ARGs(tet G、sulⅠ、qnr A、qnr S、aad A2、aad D)和1种可移动遗传元件(intⅠ),且检测到的目的基因基本一致。DF(CIP)和DF+CIP处理对土壤中细菌和不同种类ARGs的影响不同。DF(CIP)、DF+CIP处理均显著降低了土壤中16S rRNA、tet G的绝对丰度;DF(CIP)处理显著增加了土壤中sulⅠ、aad A2的绝对丰度;DF+CIP处理显著增加了土壤中qnr A的绝对丰度。不同种类的ARGs与intⅠ、土壤理化性质的偏相关性分析表明,土壤中intⅠ与sulⅠ、aad A2呈正相关,与qnr A呈负相关,qnr A与CIP残留量呈正相关,tet G与有机质呈正相关。研究结果可为科学地评价氟喹诺酮类抗生素的环境风险以及粪肥的合理施用提供一定的理论依据。     

大学生党建与思想政治工作教育系统设计——以彩信技术为例

大学生党建与思想政治工作通常采用发放文件、集中学习的方法。传统手段略显陈旧,互动教学效果差,学生难以妥善安排学习时间。如果能应用大学生乐于接受的彩信技术实现移动教学,可充分利用学生的闲暇时间,提高互动教学效果。基于GPRS MODEM硬件基础,应用了彩信控件二次开发,开发了党建与思想政治工作教育系统,开办了多个党建与思想政治工作教学栏目,实现了彩信发送、短信的收发。     

移动机器人自动导航技术研究进展

针对目前果园移动机器人自动导航技术研究现状,综合分析现有的有关文献,依据环境感知方式的不同,分别讨论了以激光、视觉、机械、电磁、GPS、超声波为感知系统的导航方法的研究进展,分析了现有几种导航方法在精度、实时性、抗干扰能力及系统适应性等方面的优缺点,认为多传感器融合技术可为果园移动机器人的导航提供更高的精度和稳定性。在此基础上,提出了未来果园移动机器人自动导航技术的发展趋势,即多传感器融合技术是果园移动机器人感知环境的主要手段,满足果园移动机器人精度和稳定性要求的导航系统将是今后研究的重点。     

宁夏黄灌区灌淤土硝态氮运移规律研究

为研究硝态氮在宁夏黄灌区灌於土中的基本运移规律,采用水平土柱进行硝态氮水平运移规律研究,并采用自制垂直土柱完成了硝态氮垂直运移规律研究.硝态氮水平运移规律研究表明:硝态氮运移与水分湿润峰迁移具有很好的一致性,随着硝态氮运移距离的增加,硝态氮浓度升高,并在湿润峰处累积;硝态氮浓度随含水量的增加而减少,并呈幂函数关系;硝态...     

某深基坑工程施工过程监测与分析

介绍了天津某深基坑工程开挖实例及施工过程的监测情况.通过对开挖过程中的坑周土体水平位移、支护结构顶部水平位移、立柱沉降以及周围管线等的现场施工监测数据的分析,探讨了深基坑开挖过程对周围环境的影响,为考虑施工因素的深基坑设计提供了依据,为今后类似工程的设计施工积累了经验.     

复合土钉在深基坑支护中的应用研究

结合唐山市第三空间综合体深基坑工程,基于FLAC3D 软件的弹塑性有限差分分析,对基坑坡顶水平位移实测数据与数值模拟结果进行了对比分析.研究表明:土钉和预应力锚索相结合的复合土钉支护方法,能够较好地控制基坑变形的发展.该工程的成功实施,对今后类似工程具有较大的借鉴价值.     

墙体呈延性剪切破坏所需的水平钢筋配筋率

利用中国30个省区的数据检验了中国经济相容于巴拉萨-萨缪尔森效应的程度,结果表明：各省区的相对劳动生产率的差异与相对价格的关系符合巴拉萨-萨缪尔森效应理论所描述的特征。对各省区的相对劳动生产率与相对价格进行逐个的协整检验,结果表明：有23个省区的数据符合理论所预示,这也从一个角度提供了各省区通货膨胀率长期存在差异的解释。进一步研究发现,生产率的差异与各省区的实际汇率之间存在较弱的长期协整关系。